Paul McCartney

Paul McCartney Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE (born 18 June 1942) is an English musician, singer-songwriter, composer and painter. Formerly of The Beatles (1960–1970) and Wings (1971–1981), McCartney is the most commercially successful songwriter in the history of popular music, according to Guinness World Records.[1]

McCartney gained worldwide fame as a member of The Beatles, alongside John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. McCartney and Lennon formed one of the most influential and successful songwriting partnerships and wrote

Some of the most popular songs in the history of rock music.

[2] After leaving The Beatles, McCartney launched a successful solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda Eastman, and singer-songwriter Denny Laine. McCartney is listed in Guinness World Records as the "most successful musician and composer in popular music history", with 60 gold discs and sales of 100 million singles in the UK.[3]

BBC News Online readers named McCartney the "greatest composer of the millennium", and BBC News cites his Beatles song "Yesterday" as the most covered song in the history of recorded music—by over 2,200 artists[4] —and since its 1965 release, has been played more than 7,000,000 times on American television and radio according to the BBC.[5] Wings' 1977 single "Mull of Kintyre" became the first single to sell more than two million copies in the UK, and remains the UK's top selling non-charity single.[6] Based on the 93 weeks his compositions have spent at the top spot of the UK chart, and 24 number one singles to his credit, McCartney is the most successful songwriter in UK singles chart history.[7] As a performer or songwriter, McCartney was responsible for 32 number one singles on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart,[8] [9] [10] [11] and has sold 15.5 million RIAA certified albums in the US alone.[12]

McCartney has composed film scores, classical and electronic music, released a large catalogue of songs as a solo artist, and has taken part in projects to help international charities. He is an advocate for animal rights, for vegetarianism, and for music education; he is active in campaigns against landmines, seal hunting, and Third World debt. He is a keen football fan, supporting both Everton and Liverpool football clubs. His company MPL Communications owns the copyrights to more than 3,000 songs,[13] including all of the songs written by Buddy Holly, along with the publishing rights to such musicals as Guys and Dolls, A Chorus Line, and Grease. McCartney is one of the UK's wealthiest people, with an estimated fortune of £475 million in 2010.[14]

Childhood
McCartney was born in Walton Hospital in Liverpool, England, where his mother, Mary (born Mohan), had worked as a nurse in the maternity ward.[15] He has one brother, Michael, born 7 January 1944.[16] McCartney was baptised Roman Catholic but was raised non-denominationally: his mother was Roman Catholic and his father James, or "Jim" McCartney, was a Protestant turned agnostic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles19974_15-1">[16]

In 1947, he began attending Stockton Wood Road Primary School. He then attended the Joseph Williams Junior School<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SchoolPhoto_16-0">[17] and passed the 11-plus exam in 1953 with three others out of the 90 examinees, thus gaining admission to the Liverpool Institute.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles19979_17-0">[18] In 1954, while taking the bus from his home in the suburb of Speke to the Institute, he met George Harrison, who lived nearby.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005125_18-0">[19] Passing the exam meant that McCartney and Harrison could go to a Grammar school rather than a secondary modern school, which the majority of pupils attended until they were eligible to work, but as Grammar school pupils, they had to find new friends.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz200582.E2.80.9383_19-0">[20] Enlarge20 Forthlin Road now attracts large numbers of tourists.In 1955, the McCartney family moved to 20 Forthlin Road in Allerton.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20">[21] Mary McCartney rode a bicycle to houses where she was needed as a midwife, and an early McCartney memory is of her leaving when it was snowing heavily.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles19976_21-0">[22] On 31 October 1956, Mary McCartney, a heavy smoker, died of an embolism after a mastectomy operation to stop the spread of her breast cancer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199720_22-0">[23] The early loss of his mother later connected McCartney with John Lennon, whose mother Julia died after being struck by a car when Lennon was 17.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199731_23-0">[24]

McCartney's father was a trumpet player and pianist who had led Jim Mac's Jazz Band in the 1920s and encouraged his two sons to be musical.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199722_24-0">[25] Jim had an upright piano in the front room that he had bought from Brian Epstein's store. McCartney's grandfather, Joe McCartney, played an E-flat tuba.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz200571_25-0">[26] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199723.E2.80.9324_26-0">[27] Jim McCartney used to point out the different instruments in songs on the radio, and often took McCartney to local brass band concerts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199723.E2.80.9324_26-1">[27] McCartney's father gave him a nickel-plated trumpet, but when skiffle music became popular, McCartney swapped the trumpet for a £15 Framus Zenith (model 17) acoustic guitar.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz200586_27-0">[28] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199721_28-0">[29] As he was left-handed, McCartney found right-handed guitars difficult to play, but when he saw a poster advertising a Slim Whitman concert, he realised that Whitman played left-handed with his guitar strung the opposite way to a right-handed player.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199721_28-1">[29] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Larkin_29-0">[30] McCartney wrote his first song ("I Lost My Little Girl") on the Zenith, and also played his father's Framus Spanish guitar when writing early songs with Lennon.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Guitars_30-0">[31] He later learned to play the piano and wrote his second song, "When I'm Sixty-Four".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199722.E2.80.9323_31-0">[32] On his father's advice, he took music lessons, but since he preferred to learn 'by ear' he never paid much attention to them.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199722.E2.80.9323_31-1">[32]

McCartney was heavily influenced by American Rhythm and Blues music. He has stated that Little Richard was his idol when he was in school and that the first song he ever sang in public was "Long Tall Sally", at a Butlins holiday camp talent competition.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-whitep114-115_32-0">[33]

<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-whitep114-115_32-0">Musical career
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-whitep114-115_32-0">1957–1960

<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-whitep114-115_32-0">At the age of 15, McCartney met John Lennon and The Quarrymen at the St. Peter's Church Hall fête in Woolton on 6 July 1957.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz200593_33-0">[34] He formed a close working relationship with Lennon and they collaborated writing many songs. Harrison joined the group in early 1958 as lead guitarist, followed in early 1960 by Lennon's art school friend, Stuart Sutcliffe on bass. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199747.E2.80.9350_34-0">[35] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon200694_35-0">[36] By May 1960, they had tried several new names, including "Johnny and the Moondogs" and "The Silver Beetles", playing a tour of Scotland under that name with Johnny Gentle. They finally changed the name of the group to "The Beatles" in mid-August 1960 and recruited Pete Best at short-notice to become their drummer for an imminent engagement in Hamburg.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon200667_36-0">[37] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColeman1992212_37-0">[38]

<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-whitep114-115_32-0">1960–1970: The Beatles
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-whitep114-115_32-0">Enlarge <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-whitep114-115_32-0">McCartney (left) in 1964 with Beatles bandmates George Harrison and John Lennon <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-whitep114-115_32-0">From May 1960, The Beatles were booked by Allan Williams,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38">[39] to perform at a club in Hamburg.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199757.E2.80.9358_39-0">[40] For the next two years, The Beatles remained in Hamburg for much of the time, performing as a resident group in a number of Hamburg clubs. During their two-year Hamburg residency they returned to Liverpool from time to time, performing at the Cavern club. Prior to the end of the residency, Sutcliffe left the band, so McCartney, reluctantly, became The Beatles' bass player.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199774_40-0">[41] The Beatles recorded their first published musical material in Hamburg, performing as the backing group for Tony Sheridan on the single "My Bonnie".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon200697_41-0">[42] This recording later brought the Beatles to the attention of a key figure in their subsequent development and commercial success, Brian Epstein, who became their next manager.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawlowski198939.E2.80.9340_42-0">[43] Epstein eventually negotiated a record contract for the group with Parlophone in May 1962.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005330_43-0">[44] After replacing Best with Ringo Starr on drums, The Beatles became popular in the UK in 1963 and in the US in 1964. In 1965, they were each appointed Members of the Order of the British Empire (MBE).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44">[45] After performing concerts, plays, and tours almost non-stop for a period of nearly four years, and giving more than one thousand four hundred live performances internationally,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2007347_45-0">[46] The Beatles gave their last commercial concert at the end of their 1966 US tour.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1997293.E2.80.93295_46-0">[47] They continued to work in the recording studio from 1966 until their break-up in 1970. In the eight years from 1962 to 1970, the group had released twenty-four UK singles and twelve studio albums, often released in different configurations in the USA and other countries (see discography).